Kozier and Erb's Fundamentals of Nursing

Preface
Kozier and Erb’s Fundamentals of Nursing Concepts, Processes and Practice
Copyright
Brief table of contents
Table of contents
About the authors
About the Australian authors
Preface
Reviewers
Our core philosophies
Features
Contributors
Fundamental care and the fundamentals of care framework
Mapping to the NMBA registered nurse standards for practice
The patient safety competency framework for nursing students
Unit 1 The nature of nursing
Chapter 1 Historical and contemporary nursing practice
Historical perspectives
Contemporary nursing practice
Roles and functions of the nurse
Criteria of a profession
Socialisation to nursing
Factors influencing contemporary nursing practice
Nursing organisations
Chapter 1 Review
Chapter 2 Nurse education, research and evidence-based practice
Nurse education
Types of nurse education programs
Nursing research and evidence-based practice
Critiquing research
Chapter 2 Review
Chapter 3 Nursing theories and conceptual frameworks
Introduction to theories
The metaparadigm for nursing
Purposes of nursing theory
Overview of selected nursing theories
Nursing theorists in Australia
Critique of nursing theory
Chapter 3 Review
Chapter 4 Legal aspects of nursing
Legal aspects of nursing
General legal concepts
Regulation of nursing practice
Contractual arrangements in nursing
Selected legal aspects of nursing practice
Areas of potential liability in nursing
Legal protections in nursing practice
Reporting crimes, torts and unsafe practices
Legal responsibilities of students
Chapter 4 Review
Chapter 5 Values, ethics and advocacy
Attitudes
Beliefs
Values
Morals
Ethics
Nursing ethics
Specific ethical issues
Advocacy
Chapter 5 Review
Unit 2 Contemporary health care
Chapter 6 Health care delivery systems
Types of health care services
Types of health care agencies and services
Providers of health care
Factors affecting health care delivery
The Australian health system
Frameworks for care
Financing health care
Chapter 6 Review
Chapter 7 Community health
Health care reform
Community-based health care
Community health
Community health and primary health care
Community-based nursing
Chapter 7 Review
Chapter 8 Home care
Home health nursing
The home health care system in Australia
Roles of the home health nurse
Perspectives of home care
Selected dimensions of home health nursing
Nurse safety
The practice of nursing in the home
The future of home health care
Chapter 8 Review
Chapter 9 Regional and remote nursing
Overview
What is regional and remote nursing?
The regional and remote nursing workforce
Primary health care
The health of regional and remote Australia
Access to health services in regional and remote areas
Indigenous health and indigenous communities in regional and remote Australia
Challenges of distance in health
Chapter 9 Review
Chapter 10 Health informatics
Health informatics
Health information
Technology in nursing and midwifery practice
Computers in nursing and midwifery education
Computers in administration
Computers in nursing and midwifery research
The future: Technology and health care
Chapter 10 Review
Unit 3 The nursing process
Chapter 11 Critical thinking and the nursing process
Critical thinking uses
Skills in critical thinking
Attitudes for critical thinking
Applying critical thinking to nursing practice
Developing critical-thinking skills
Chapter 11 Review
Chapter 12 Assessing
Overview of the nursing process
Assessing
Chapter 12 Review
Chapter 13 Diagnosing
Nursing diagnoses
The diagnostic process
Chapter 13 Review
Chapter 14 Planning
Introduction to care planning
Types of care planning
Developing nursing care plans
The planning process
Concept map: Amanda Szirom
Chapter 14 Review
Chapter 15 Implementing and evaluating
Implementing
Evaluating
Chapter 15 Review
Chapter 16 Documenting and reporting
Ethical and legal considerations
Purposes of patient records
Documentation systems
Documenting nursing activities
Documentation in residential aged care facilities
Home care documentation
General guidelines for recording
Reporting
Chapter 16 Review
Unit 4 Health beliefs and practices
Chapter 17 Health promotion
Individual health
Applying theoretical frameworks
Defining health promotion
Sites for health promotion activities
Health promotion model
Stages of health behaviour change
The Nurse’s role in health promotion
Nursing management
Chapter 17 Review
Chapter 18 Health, wellness and illness
Concepts of health, wellness and wellbeing
Models of health and wellness
Variables influencing health status, beliefs and practices
Health belief models
Health care concordance
Illness and disease
Chapter 18 Review
Chapter 19 Culture, nursing and Indigenous* health
National organisations and trends
Cultural nursing care
Concepts related to cultural nursing care
Heritage consistency
Selected parameters for cultural nursing care
Indigenous Australian health issues
Providing cultural nursing care
Nursing management
Chapter 19 Review
Chapter 20 Complementary and alternative therapies
Basic concepts
Healing modalities
Chapter 20 Review
Unit 5 Lifespan development
Chapter 21 Concepts of growth and development
Factors influencing growth and development
Stages of growth and development
Growth and development theories
Applying growth and development concepts to nursing practice
Chapter 21 Review
Chapter 22 Promoting health from conception through to adolescence
Conception and prenatal development
Neonates and infants (birth to 1 year)
Toddlers (1 to 3 years)
Preschoolers (4 and 5 years)
School-age children (6 to 12 years)
Adolescents (12 to 18 Years)
Chapter 22 Review
Chapter 23 Promoting health in young and middle-aged adults
Young adults (20 to 40 years)
Middle-aged adults (40 to 65 years)
Chapter 23 Review
Chapter 24 Promoting health in older adults
Characteristics of older adults in Australia
Attitudes towards ageing
Gerontological nursing
Care settings for older people
Physiological ageing
Psychosocial ageing
Cognitive abilities and ageing
Moral reasoning
Spirituality and ageing
Health problems
Health assessment and promotion
Chapter 24 Review
Chapter 25 Promoting family health
Family health
Applying theoretical frameworks to families
Nursing management
Chapter 25 Review
Unit 6 Integral aspects of nursing
Chapter 26 Caring
Professionalisation of caring
Nursing theories on caring
Types of knowledge in nursing
Caring encounters
Maintaining caring practice
Chapter 26 Review
Chapter 27 Communicating
Communicating
Therapeutic relationships
Communication and the nursing process
Nursing management
Group and team communication
Communication with colleagues
Chapter 27 Review
Chapter 28 Teaching and learning
Teaching
Learning
The internet and health information
Nurse as educator
Nursing management
Chapter 28 Review
Chapter 29 Leading and managing
The nurse as leader and manager
Global leadership and policy
Leadership
Management
Cultural diversity
Clinical governance
Change and the nurse manager
Chapter 29 Review
Unit 7 Assessing health
Chapter 30 Vital signs
Respiration
Oxygen saturation
Blood pressure
Pulse or heart rate
Body temperature
Chapter 30 Review
Chapter 31 Health assessment
Physical health assessment
General assessment
Skill 31.1 Assessing appearance and mental status
The integumentary system
Skill 31.2 Assessing the skin
Skill 31.3 Assessing the hair
Skill 31.4 Assessing the nails
The head
Skill 31.5 Assessing the skull and face
Skill 31.6 Assessing the eye structures and visual acuity
Upper airways
Skill 31.7 Assessing the ears and hearing
Skill 31.8 Assessing the nose and sinuses
The neck
Skill 31.9 Assessing the mouth and oropharynx
Lower airways
Skill 31.10 Assessing the neck
Skill 31.11 Assessing the thorax and lungs
The cardiovascular and peripheral vascular systems
Skill 31.12 Assessing the heart and central vessels
Skill 31.13 Assessing the peripheral vascular system
The breasts and axillae
The abdomen
Skill 31.14 Assessing the breasts and axillae
Skill 31.15 Assessing the abdomen
The musculoskeletal system
Skill 31.16 Assessing the musculoskeletal system
The neurological system
The female genitals and inguinal area
Skill 31.17 Assessing the neurological system
Skill 31.18 Assessing the female genitals and inguinal area
The male genitals and inguinal area
Skill 31.19 Assessing the male genitals and inguinal area
The rectum and anus
Skill 31.20 Assessing the rectum and anus
Chapter 31 Review
Unit 8 Integral components of individualised care
Chapter 32 Infection prevention and control
Micro-organisms
Pathogens: Colonisation and infection
Types of infection
Chain of infection
Body defences against infection
Types of specific immunity
Factors increasing susceptibility to infection
Infection control and health care
Standard precautions
Skill 32.1 Hand washing technique
Skill 32.2 Donning and removing personal protective equipment (gloves, gown, mask, eyewear)
Asepsis and aseptic technique
Transmission-based precautions
Health-care-associated infections
Nursing management
Skill 32.3 Establishing and maintaining a critical aseptic field
Skill 32.4 Donning and removing sterile gloves (open method)
Skill 32.5 Donning a sterile gown and gloves (closed method)
Infection control for health care workers
Role of the infection-control nurse
Chapter 32 Review
Chapter 33 Safety
National safety and quality health service standards
Keeping nurses safe
Factors affecting individual safety
Nursing management
Skill 33.1 Using a bed or chair exit safety monitoring device
Skill 33.2 Applying restraints
Chapter 33 Review
Chapter 34 Hygiene
Skin
Nursing management
Skill 34.1 Bathing an adult, child or young person
Skill 34.2 Providing perineal–genital care
Feet
Nursing management
Skill 34.3 Providing foot care
Nails
Nursing management
Mouth
Nursing management
Skill 34.4 Brushing and flossing the teeth
Skill 34.5 Providing special oral care for the unconscious person
Hair
Nursing management
Skill 34.6 Providing hair care
Skill 34.7 Shampooing the hair of a person confined to bed
Eyes
Nursing management
Ears
Skill 34.8 Removing, cleaning and inserting a hearing aid
Nose
Supporting a hygienic environment
Making beds
Skill 34.9 Changing an unoccupied bed
Skill 34.10 Changing an occupied bed
Chapter 34 Review
Chapter 35 Diagnostic testing
Diagnostic testing phases
Blood tests
Skill 35.1 Obtaining a capillary blood specimen to measure blood glucose
Specimen collection
Skill 35.2 Collecting a urine sample for culture and sensitivity by midstream specimen of urine (MSU)
Visualisation procedures
Aspiration/Biopsy
Chapter 35 Review
Chapter 36 Medications
Drug standards
Legal aspects of drug administration
Effects of drugs
Drug misuse
Actions of drugs on the body
Factors affecting medication action
Routes of administration
Medication orders
Systems of measurement
Administering medications safely
Oral medications
Skill 36.1 Administering oral medications
Nasogastric and gastrostomy medications
Parenteral medications
Skill 36.2 Preparing medications from ampoules
Skill 36.3 Preparing medications from vials
Skill 36.4 Mixing medications using one syringe
Skill 36.5 Administering an intradermal injection for skin tests
Skill 36.6 Administering a subcutaneous injection
Skill 36.7 Administering an intramuscular injection
Skill 36.8 Adding medications to intravenous fluid containers
Skill 36.9 Administering intravenous medications using IV push
Topical medications
Ophthalmic medications
Skill 36.10 Administering ophthalmic instillations
Otic medications
Skill 36.11 Administering otic instillations
Nasal medications
Vaginal medications
Skill 36.12 Administering vaginal instillations
Rectal medications
Respiratory inhalation
Irrigations
Chapter 36 Review
Chapter 37 Skin integrity and wound care
Skin integrity
Types of wounds
Pressure injuries
Wound healing
Nursing management
Skill 37.1 Obtaining a wound drainage specimen for culture
Chapter 37 Review
Chapter 38 Perioperative nursing
The perioperative workforce
Standards and guidelines
Types of surgery
The surgical pathway
Preoperative phase
Nursing management
Skill 38.1 Teaching moving, leg exercises, deep breathing and coughing
Skill 38.2 Applying anti-embolic stockings
Intraoperative phase
Nursing management
Postoperative phase
Nursing management
Skill 38.3 Managing gastrointestinal suction
Skill 38.4 Cleaning a sutured wound and applying a sterile dressing
Chapter 38 Review
Unit 9 Promoting psychosocial health
Chapter 39 Sensory perception
Components of the sensory experience
Factors affecting sensory function
Sensory alterations
Nursing management
Chapter 39 Review
Chapter 40 Self-concept
Self-concept
Formation of self-concept
Components of self-concept
Factors that affect self-concept
Nursing management
Chapter 40 Review
Chapter 41 Sexuality
Development of sexuality
Sexual health
Varieties of sexuality
Factors influencing sexuality
Sexual response cycle
Altered sexual function
Nursing management
Chapter 41 Review
Chapter 42 Spirituality
Spirituality and religion contrasted
Spiritual needs
Spiritual wellbeing
Spiritual distress
Related concepts
Spiritual development
Spiritual self-awareness for the nurse
Spiritual practices affecting nursing care
Spiritual health and the nursing process
Nursing management
Chapter 42 Review
Chapter 43 Stress and coping
Concept of stress
Sources of stress
Effects of stress
Models of stress
Indicators of stress
Coping
Nursing management
Chapter 43 Review
Chapter 44 Loss, grieving and death
Loss and grief
Nursing management
Dying and death
Nursing management
Chapter 44 Review
Chapter 45 Mental health nursing
Holistic mental health care
Mental health and mental illness
The role of the mental health nurse
Mental health nursing in practice
Mental health legislation
Mental state assessment (MSA)
Types of mental illness
Suicide
Treatments in mental health
Mental health care models
Mental health care policy
Recovery vs rehabilitation
Chapter 45 Review
Chapter 46 Disability
What is disability?
Respectful disability language
Historical context of disability in Australia
Inclusion in the community
Disability and Australia’s first nations peoples
Role of carers
Role of the nurse in caring for a person with disability
Communication disability
Physical disability
Sensory impairment
Intellectual disability
Other considerations in disability care
Nursing research in disability care
Chapter 46 Review
Unit 10 Promoting physiological health
Chapter 47 Activity and exercise
Normal movement
Exercise
Factors affecting body alignment and activity
Effects of immobility
Nursing Management
Skill 47.1 Person-assisted bed slide: one nurse
Skill 47.2 Person-assisted bed slide: two nurses
Skill 47.3 Person-assisted lateral shift and roll: two nurses
Skill 47.4 Logrolling: two to four nurses
Skill 47.5 Person-assisted bed to chair slide: one or two nurses
Skill 47.6 Bed to chair (4-point frame): two nurses
Skill 47.7 Assisting the person to sit on the side of the bed
Skill 47.8 Assisting the person to ambulate
Chapter 47 Review
Chapter 48 Sleep
Physiology of sleep
Functions of sleep
Normal sleep patterns and requirements
Factors affecting sleep
Common sleep disorders
Nursing management
Chapter 48 Review
Chapter 49 Pain management
The nature of pain
Physiology of pain
Nursing management
Skill 49.1 Providing a back massage
Chapter 49 Review
Chapter 50 Nutrition
Essential nutrients
Energy balance
Body weight and body mass standards
Factors affecting nutrition
Nutritional variations throughout the life cycle
Standards for a healthy diet
Altered Nutrition
Nursing Management
Skill 50.1 Inserting a nasogastric tube
Skill 50.2 Removing a nasogastric tube
Skill 50.3 Administering a tube feeding
Skill 50.4 Administering a gastrostomy or jejunostomy feeding
Chapter 50 Review
Chapter 51 Urinary elimination
Physiology of urinary elimination
Factors affecting voiding
Altered urine production
Altered urinary elimination
Nursing management
Skill 51.1 Dipstick urinalysis
Skill 51.2 Applying an external urinary sheath
Skill 51.3 Performing urinary catheterisation
Skill 51.4 Performing bladder irrigation
Chapter 51 Review
Chapter 52 Faecal elimination
The digestive system
Physiology of defecation
Factors that affect defecation
Faecal elimination problems
Nursing management
Skill 52.1 Administering an enema
Bowel diversion ostomies
Skill 52.2 Changing a bowel diversion stoma appliance
Chapter 52 Review
Chapter 53 Oxygenation
Structure and function of the respiratory system
Respiratory regulation
Factors affecting respiratory function
Alterations in respiratory function
Nursing management
Skill 53.1 Administering oxygen by cannula, face mask, non-rebreather mask or face tent
Skill 53.2 Providing tracheostomy care
Skill 53.3 Oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal suctioning
Skill 53.4 Open suctioning a tracheostomy or endotracheal tube
Chapter 53 Review
Chapter 54 Circulation
Physiology of the cardiovascular system
Lifespan considerations
Factors affecting cardiovascular function
Alterations in cardiovascular function
Nursing management
Skill 54.1 Sequential compression devices
Chapter 54 Review
Chapter 55 Fluid, electrolyte and acid–base balance
Body fluids and electrolytes
Acid–base balance
Factors affecting body fluid, electrolytes and acid–base balance
Disturbances in fluid volume, electrolyte and acid–base balances
Nursing management
Skill 55.1 Starting an intravenous infusion
Skill 55.2 Monitoring an intravenous infusion
Skill 55.3 Changing an intravenous container, tubing and dressing
Skill 55.4 Discontinuing an intravenous infusion
Skill 55.5 Changing an intravenous cannula to an intermittent infusion lock
Skill 55.6 Initiating, maintaining and terminating a blood transfusion
Chapter 55 Review
Glossary
Index
Copyright
Title Page
Dedication
Contents
Chapter 1: ‘I’m thinking’ – Oh, but are you?
Chapter 2: Renegade perception
Chapter 3: The Pushbacker sting
Chapter 4: ‘Covid’: The calculated catastrophe
Chapter 5: There is no ‘virus’
Chapter 6: Sequence of deceit
Chapter 7: War on your mind
Chapter 8: ‘Reframing’ insanity
Chapter 9: We must have it? So what is it?
Chapter 10: Human 2.0
Chapter 11: Who controls the Cult?
Chapter 12: Escaping Wetiko
Postscript
Appendix: Cowan-Kaufman-Morell Statement on Virus Isolation
Bibliography
Index
Copyright
Title Page
Dedication
Contents
Chapter 1: ‘I’m thinking’ – Oh, but are you?
Chapter 2: Renegade perception
Chapter 3: The Pushbacker sting
Chapter 4: ‘Covid’: The calculated catastrophe
Chapter 5: There is no ‘virus’
Chapter 6: Sequence of deceit
Chapter 7: War on your mind
Chapter 8: ‘Reframing’ insanity
Chapter 9: We must have it? So what is it?
Chapter 10: Human 2.0
Chapter 11: Who controls the Cult?
Chapter 12: Escaping Wetiko
Postscript
Appendix: Cowan-Kaufman-Morell Statement on Virus Isolation
Bibliography
Index
Copyright
Title Page
Dedication
Contents
Chapter 1: ‘I’m thinking’ – Oh, but are you?
Chapter 2: Renegade perception
Chapter 3: The Pushbacker sting
Chapter 4: ‘Covid’: The calculated catastrophe
Chapter 5: There is no ‘virus’
Chapter 6: Sequence of deceit
Chapter 7: War on your mind
Chapter 8: ‘Reframing’ insanity
Chapter 9: We must have it? So what is it?
Chapter 10: Human 2.0
Chapter 11: Who controls the Cult?
Chapter 12: Escaping Wetiko
Postscript
Appendix: Cowan-Kaufman-Morell Statement on Virus Isolation
Bibliography
Index
Copyright
Title Page
Dedication
Contents
Chapter 1: ‘I’m thinking’ – Oh, but are you?
Chapter 2: Renegade perception
Chapter 3: The Pushbacker sting
Chapter 4: ‘Covid’: The calculated catastrophe
Chapter 5: There is no ‘virus’
Chapter 6: Sequence of deceit
Chapter 7: War on your mind
Chapter 8: ‘Reframing’ insanity
Chapter 9: We must have it? So what is it?
Chapter 10: Human 2.0
Chapter 11: Who controls the Cult?
Chapter 12: Escaping Wetiko
Postscript
Appendix: Cowan-Kaufman-Morell Statement on Virus Isolation
Bibliography
Index